1/18/2024 0 Comments Session chatSeveral emotional states and suicidality of the chatters were coded in the first and last 10 min of the chat. The 113 Online service is not specifically targeted to youth, although it serves a predominantly young population. One additional study of effectiveness examined the 113Online crisis chat service in the Netherlands (Mokkenstorm et al., 2017) by coding 526 chat transcripts, using methods and measures that had been developed for silent monitoring of telephone helplines (Mishara et al., 2007a, 2007b). None of the studies examined the effectiveness of the chats specifically among suicidal chatters. These studies of young chatters are the only ones that assessed the effectiveness of online chat services directly from the perspective of the chatters. ( 2006) examined repeated measures of emotional distress among 100 youth using the online counseling provided by the Kids Help Line in Australia and found that the youth were significantly less distressed at the end of the chat than they were at the beginning. They found significant improvements in well‐being and decreases in perceived burden of problems. Fukkink and Hermanns ( 2009a, 2009b), in two studies of the Dutch Kindertelefoon youth helpline service, assessed repeated measures of over 300 children’s ratings of their well‐being and perceived burden of their problems before and after the chats. However, there is a scarcity of research examining the effectiveness of these services. Most studies have focused on the counselors’ interpretations and ratings of the intervention (e.g., Bambling et al., 2008 Predmore et al., 2017), the chatters’ motivations for using the services (King, Bambling, Lloyd, et al., 2006 Fukkink & Hermanns, 2009b Predmore et al., 2017), and the content and clinical framework of chat interventions (e.g., Barak & Bloch, 2006 Chardon et al., 2011 Fukkink, 2011). With the rapid and extensive growth of online crisis services, there has been a parallel increase in research examining these services. The Lifeline Crisis Chat (LCC) network, which serves all ages, has grown extensively since its formal establishment in 2013, answering 231,335 chats in 2020. Many of these specifically focus on chat crisis services for youth (e.g., Evans et al., 2013 Fukkink & Hermanns, 2009a Haner & Pepler, 2016 King, Bambling, Reid, et al., 2006). The LCC is one of several online crisis services that has emerged in the past 15 years (e.g., Kids Help Line in Australia (King, Bambling, Reid, et al., 2006) Kids Help Phone in Canada (Haner & Pepler, 2016) SAHAR (Barak & Bloch, 2006) and ERAN (Gilat & Shahar, 2007) in Israel Kindertelefoon (Fukkink & Hermanns, 2009a, 2009b) and 113Online (Mokkenstorm et al., 2017) in the Netherlands Nevada Crisis Call Center (Evans et al., 2013) and the Veterans Crisis Line (Predmore et al., 2017) in the United States. This is particularly critical for young people who are more likely to choose online rather than telephone crisis services (Haner & Pepler, 2016 Mokkenstorm et al., 2017), and who are also more likely to discuss “weighty problems,” such as mental health problems and suicide on an online crisis service than by telephone (e.g., Fukkink & Hermanns, 2009a Haner & Pepler, 2016). To increase access to crisis services, Lifeline's service format has evolved to include not only telephone but also synchronous (i.e., in real time) chat crisis interventions. For example, caller’s emotional distress, and level of suicidality generally improves over the course of the Lifeline call (Gould et al., 2007, 2013 Ramchand et al., 2017). Empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of the Lifeline’s telephone interventions has steadily grown since its inception (Gould et al., 2007 2012 2013 2016 2018). Assessment of the Lifeline’s effectiveness is more important than ever. Now that the National Suicide Hotline Designation Act of 2020 has been signed into law ( ‐116publ172.pdf), designating 988 as the nationwide number for the Lifeline beginning in 2022, the Lifeline will have an ever‐increasing role in providing suicide prevention and mental health crisis interventions in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012, pp. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (“Lifeline”) is increasingly recognized as a critical component of the mental health and suicide crisis response system in the United States (e.g., U.S.
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